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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 39(1): 12-19, ene. - feb. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209662

RESUMO

Background: refeeding syndrome (RS) is a metabolic complication associated with nutritional support. The lack of management protocols for patients on nutritional support may lead to the development of RS or undernourishment. Objective: to evaluate adherence to the algorithm for total enteral nutritional support (ASNET), and the efficacy of reaching nutrient requirements in patients at risk of RS. Methods: a cohort study: screening and nutritional evaluation of patients and risk of RS were performed. Adults admitted to hospital for noncritical illness who received exclusively enteral nutrition (EN) were eligible. Patients with RS, intestinal failure or chronic diarrhea were excluded. Adherence to ASNET was evaluated along with the efficacy of nutritional support to reach the optimal protein and energy requirement (OPER) and any associated complications. Patient follow-up ended when the feeding route was changed or upon discharge. Results a total of 73 patients were included (mean age, 62 ± 16 yrs; BMI, 18.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2), and 55 % were men. All had nutritional risk of developing RS (57, low; 15, high; 1, very high); 34 % had adequate adherence to ASNET, and 33 % managed to cover the total requirement between 4 and 6 days. OPER was reached by 38 % by the fourth day of EN, and adequate adherence to ASNET increased the probability of achieving it (RR, 2.2; 95 % CI, 1.6-3.2, p < 0.0001) without increasing the associated complications. Nonetheless, 36 % developed complications, of whom 96 % did not adhere to ASNET. Conclusion: adherence to ASNET in patients at risk of RS allowed the achievement of OPER safely by day four with fewer associated complications (AU)


Antecedentes: el síndrome de realimentación (SR) es una complicación metabólica asociada al soporte nutricional y la falta de protocolos puede conducir a su desarrollo o a desnutrición. Objetivo: evaluar la adherencia al algoritmo de soporte nutricional enteral total (ASNET) y la eficacia de alcanzar los requisitos de nutrientes en pacientes con riesgo de SR. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohortes con evaluación nutricional del paciente y del riesgo de SR. Fueron elegibles los adultos ingresados en el hospital por una enfermedad no crítica que recibían exclusivamente nutrición enteral (NE). Se excluyeron los pacientes con SR, falla intestinal o diarrea crónica. Se evaluaron la adherencia al ASNET y la eficacia para alcanzar el requerimiento óptimo de proteína, energía (OPER) y cualquier complicación asociada. El seguimiento finalizó cuando se cambió la ruta de alimentación o al alta. Resultados:se incluyeron 73 pacientes (edad de 62 ± 16 años, IMC de 18,5 ± 4,2 kg/m2) y el 55 % fueron hombres. Todos tenían riesgo nutricional de desarrollar SR (57 bajo; 15 alto; 1 muy alto). El 34 % presentaron una adherencia adecuada y el 33 % lograron cubrir el requerimiento total entre 4 y 6 días. La OPER se alcanzó en el 38 % al cuarto día de NE, y la adecuada adherencia al ASNET aumentó la probabilidad de lograrla (RR: 2.2; IC 95 %: 1,6-3,2, p < 0,0001) sin incrementar las complicaciones asociadas. No obstante, el 36 % desarrollaron complicaciones y el 96 % de estos casos no se habían adherido al ASNET. Conclusión: la adherencia al ASNET en los pacientes con riesgo de SR permitió lograr la OPER de forma segura al cuarto día y con menos complicaciones asociadas (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Síndrome da Realimentação/etiologia , Necessidades Nutricionais , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Risco , Apoio Nutricional
2.
Case Rep Ophthalmol ; 5(2): 190-4, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25120474

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Systemic high blood pressure is related to a variety of retinal manifestations. We present an atypical case of hypertensive chorioretinopathy with massive bilateral serous retinal detachment. CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old male with a genitourinary malformation and secondary grade IV chronic kidney failure as well as high blood pressure complained of acute vision loss. Dilated fundus examination evidenced a bilateral serous retinal detachment with macular involvement. The patient was unresponsive to oral antihypertensive therapy and dialysis treatment. The serous retinal detachment progressively decreased after the restoration of dialysis and antihypertensive therapy. The final visual acuity was 0.50 in both eyes. DISCUSSION: In cases of serous macular detachment, it is mandatory to rule out different systemic and ocular diseases. The presence of uncontrolled high blood pressure may produce aggressive bilateral retinal changes, thus hypertension must be under early and strict control in order to improve the visual outcomes.

3.
Rev. esp. investig. oftalmol ; 4(2): 69-73, abr.-jun. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-129950

RESUMO

Introducción. La anomalía de Axenfeld-Rieger es una enfermedad congénita autosómica dominante de penetrancia completa del desarrollo ocular, que afecta al segmento anterior del ojo y que pertenece al grupo de las llamadas disgenesias iridocorneales. Caso Clínico. Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 11 años, que es diagnosticada de glaucoma de presentación juvenil tras acudir a consulta por molestias inespecíficas en su ojo izquierdo (OI). Tras una adecuada exploración, se aprecian cambios en cámara anterior como embriotoxon posterior, ectropión uveal, atrofia de iris y tensión ocular (TO) OI de 40 mmHg, compatibles con anomalía de Axenfeld-Rieger. Se inicia tratamiento médico con latanoprost colirio 0,005%, planteando posterior tratamiento quirúrgico con esclerectomía profunda no perforante (EPNP) con implante Esnoper plus® por daño inicial glaucomatoso en el campo visual. Resultados. A las 24 horas tras la cirugía, la TO del OI es de 15 mmHg, con buen aspecto de la ampolla de filtración. Tras 2 años de seguimiento con controles trimestrales, la paciente continúa estable. Conclusión. La EPNP puede plantearse como primera opción quirúrgica en glaucomas congénitos de presentación juvenil sin cambios estructurales en ángulo (AU)


Introduction. Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly is an autosomal dominant congenital complete penetrance of ocular development, affecting the anterior segment of the eye that belongs to iridocorneal dysgenesis. Abstract. An 11 year old girl comes for nonspecific pain in her left eye (LE), being diagnosed with juvenile glaucoma. The examination suggested changes in anterior chamber as posterior embryotoxon, uveal ectropion and iris atrophy. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 40 mmHg LE. These findings were compatible with Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. Treatment was started with latanoprost 0.005% eye drops, later it was decided to perform non-penetrating deep esclerectomy (NPDS) with Esnoper plus®implant Results. At 24 hours after surgery, IOP LE is 15 mmHg, with good appearance of the filtering bleb. After 2 years of quarterly monitoring controls, the patient remained stable. Conclusion. NPDS may be the first option in congenital juvenil glaucoma without angle changes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Glaucoma/cirurgia , Síndrome Endotelial Iridocorneana/cirurgia , Glaucoma/congênito , Anormalidades do Olho/diagnóstico
4.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; 21(1): 8-13, abr. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-114318

RESUMO

Objetivos: El trabajo en ambientes fríos puede provocar daños a la salud de los trabajadores y ser causa de cuadros de incapacidad temporal. El propósito de este trabajo fue hallar alteraciones en diferentes parámetros de salud (analíticos, tensión arterial y número de infecciones). Sujetos y método: Estudio de cohortes comparando dos poblaciones de 75 trabajadores que realizaban tareas similares en sus puestos de trabajo (principalmente corte y envasado de productos perecederos), en unas condiciones parecidas a excepción de la exposición laboral a frío del primer grupo, realizando el cálculo de tres parámetros para cada efecto de la exposición al frío: Riesgo relativo, Límites de Confianza y grado de significación estadística (p). el nivel de significación se estableció para un valor de p menor de 0,05. Resultados: se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre expuestos y no expuestos para las variables presión arterial diastólica (RR=1,12; I. C (95%)= 1,01-1,23; y P = 0,03) y número de infecciones padecidas (P= 0,0486). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el resto de variables. Conclusiones:; En este estudio , la exposición a temperaturas de 5 a 10 ºC ocasiona en el grupo de trabajadores expuestos una disminución de las cifras de presión arterial diastólica y un aumento en el número de infecciones padecidas con respecto al grupo control no expuesto (AU)


Objective: working in a cold environment can cause damage to the health of workers. The objective was to find changes in health parameters (analytical, blood pressure and number of infections). Subject and methods: Cohort study comparing two populations of 75 workers performing similar tasks in their jobs (mainly cutting and packaging of perishable products), in similar conditions except for occupational exposure to cold in the first group. It was obtained three parameters calculated for each effect on cold exposure: relative risk, confidence limits and level of statistical significance (p). The significance level was set to a value of p<0,05. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between exposed an unexposed workers in diastolic blood pressure variables (RR = 1.12, CI (95%) = 1,01-1,23; and P=0,03) and number of infections suffered (P=0,0486). There was no statistically significant differences in other variables. Conclusion: In this study, the exposure to temperatures from to 10ºC causes in the group of workers exposed a decrease in diastolic blood pressure levels and an increase in the number of suffered infections compared to the unexposed control group (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Clima Frio/efeitos adversos , Infecções/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos
5.
J Hazard Mater ; 164(1): 120-5, 2009 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18789836

RESUMO

In this study, three technologies classified as Advanced Oxidation Processes (Conductive-Diamond Electrochemical Oxidation (CDEO), ozonation and Fenton oxidation) have been compared to treat wastes produced in fermentation processes, and characterized by a significant color and a high organic load. Results of CDEO seem to strongly depend on the addition of an electrolyte salt, not only to decrease the energy cost but also to improve efficiency. The addition of sodium chloride as supporting electrolyte improves the removal percentages of organic load, indicating the important role of mediated oxidation processes carried out by the electrogenerated oxidants (hypochlorite). Fenton oxidation and ozonation seem to be less efficient, and mainly Fenton oxidation favors the accumulation of refractory compounds. The differences observed can be explained in terms of the contribution of hydroxyl radicals and other specific oxidation mechanisms involved in each technology.


Assuntos
Diamante/química , Polímeros/química , Eletroquímica/métodos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Ferro/química , Oxirredução , Oxigênio/química , Ozônio/química , Cloreto de Sódio/química
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